Mkpọchi molekụla, dị ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-akpali akpali na ihe na-akpali akpali nke ọma, na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa n'ụlọ ọrụ dịka petrochemicals, nkewa gas, na mmepụta oxygen ahụike. Ụdị mkpọchi molekụla dị iche iche, yana nha oghere pụrụ iche ha na ihe onwunwe kemịkalụ, ka ahaziri maka ngwa ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche. Isiokwu a na-enye nkọwa zuru ezu gbasara 3A, 4A, 5A, 13X (gụnyere 13X HP na 13X APG), na mkpọchi molekụla lithium, na-ekpuchi nkọwa ha, njirimara, ngwa, na paramita dị mkpa iji nyere ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ aka ịghọta nke ọma arụmọrụ pụrụ iche nke "mkpọchi ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe" ndị a.
Mkpọchi molekụla bụ kristal aluminosilicates nwere usoro microporous dị iche iche nke na-amịkọrọ mkpụrụ ndụ dabere na nha na polarity. Usoro kemịkalụ ha n'ozuzu bụ:
Mx/n[(AlO2)x(SiO2)y]⋅mH2O
ebeeMna-anọchite anya cations (dịka ọmụmaatụ, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺),nbụ cation valence, nax/yna-ekpebi nha oghere ahụ.
Myọcha molekụla 3A
Potassium ion (K⁺) nke agbanwere Ụdị A molekul sieve nwere oghere nha nke ~3 Å (0.3 nm).
Atụmatụ:
Ọ na-amịkọrọ naanị molekul mmiri (dayameta 2.8 Å), ewezuga molekul ndị buru ibu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ethylene, propane).
Ike igwe dị elu na iguzogide mmetọ siri ike.
Ngwa:
- Ịkpọcha ethanol na gas mmanụ a gwakọtara agwakọta nke ọma.
- Mmiri mmiri nke ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime friji ghara ịdị.
- Mgbochi mmiri na plastik.
Mkpọ molekụla 4A:
Sodium ion (Na⁺) nke dabere na ụdị A molekul sieve nwere oghere nha 4 Å (0.4 nm).
atụmatụ:
Na-amịkọrọ obere molekul dịka mmiri, methanol, ethanol, na CO₂.A na-eji ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ọrụ mmepụta ihe na n'ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ.
Ngwa:
- Mwepụ mmiri mmiri na sistemụ ikuku akpọchiri akpọchi.
- Nchekwa mmiri maka ọgwụ na ihe ndị e ji eme ihe na eletrọniki.
- Onye na-ewu ihe nhicha (ime ka mmiri dị nro).
Myọcha molekụla 5A
Calcium ion (Ca²⁺) nke a gbanwere Ụdị A molekul sieve nwere oghere nha 5 Å (0.5 nm).
atụmatụ:
- Ọ na-etinye alkanes ndị dị larịị (dịka ọmụmaatụ, C₃H₈, n-C₄H₁₀) mana ọ naghị agụnye hydrocarbons ndị nwere alaka.
- A na-eji ya eme ihe maka nkewa isomer na nchacha mmanụ.
Ngwa: - Ịkwanye mmanụ (ime ka mmiri na-asọpụta n'ime mmanụ dizel ka mma).
- Nkewa oxygen-nitrogen (mmepụta oxygen PSA).
- Mwepụ nke gas sitere n'okike (mwepụ nke H₂S na CO₂).
Mkpọchi Molekụla 13X
Mkpọchi molekul nke ụdị Sodium nke nwere oghere dị nha 10 Å (1.0 nm) na oke elu ya.
Atụmatụ:
Ike nnabata pụrụ iche maka nnukwu molekul (dịka ọmụmaatụ, aromatics, hydrogen sulfide).
A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ịchacha na nkewa gas.
Ngwa:
Nkewa ikuku (mmepụta oxygen/nitrogen).
Ịkpọcha na iwepụ gas eke (iwepụ CO₂).
Ọgwụgwọ gas mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe (VOCs absorption).
13X HP (Arụmọrụ Dị Elu)
Nkọwa: Mkpọchi molekul nke e ji ihe dị ka 13X mee nke ọma, nke nwere ikike ịmịnye ihe na ike ịgbaze ihe.
atụmatụ:
- Ike nnabata dị elu karịa 13X ọkọlọtọ nke 15–20%.
- Ọ dabara adaba maka gburugburu ebe nrụgide dị elu na ebe iru mmiri dị elu.
Ngwa: - Nkewa ikuku cryogenic.
- Mmepụta gas dị ọcha nke ukwuu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, nitrogen nke ọkwa eletrọniki).
13X APG (Ọkwa ụgbọelu)
Mkpọ molekul 13X nke e ji aka hazie maka ụgbọelu, nke nwere obere uzuzu na nkwụsi ike dị elu.
Atụmatụ:
Na-agbaso ụkpụrụ ụgbọelu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, MIL-D-3464E).
Na-eguzogide mbuze gas, ọ na-adịgidekwa ogologo oge.
Ngwa:
Sistemụ mgbasa ikuku ụgbọelu (mmepụta ikuku oxygen n'ime ụlọ).
Ịsachapụ gas ụgbọelu.
Sieve Lithium Molekule (Li-LSX)
Lithium ion (Li⁺) nke a gbanwere ụdị X nke nwere oghere nha ya bụ ~9 Å.
atụmatụ:
- Nhọrọ siri ike maka nnabata nitrogen (N₂), na-eme ka nkewa oxygen-nitrogen dị irè.
- A na-eji ya eme ihe maka mmepụta oxygen dị elu.
- Ngwa:
- Ihe ndị na-eme ka ikuku oxygen dị n'ahụike (ịdị ọcha nke ihe karịrị 90% O₂).
- Ọkụ jupụtara na oxygen n'ime ọkụ ọkụ gbawara agbawa.
- Sistemụ nkwado ndụ n'ime ụgbọ mmiri ndị dị n'okpuru mmiri na ụgbọ elu ụgbọelu.
| Ụdị | Nha oghere | Ụdị Kation | Mkpụrụ ndụ ndị a na-amịkọrọ nke ọma | Ngwa |
| 3X | 3 | K⁺ | H₂O | Mkpọnwụ ethanol, nkụ LPG |
| 4X | 4 | Na⁺ | H₂O, CO₂, CH₃OH | Ikuku na-akpọ nkụ, ihe nchacha |
| 5X | 5 | Ca²⁺ | n-alkanes, H₂S | Ịdewa mmanụ, PSA O₂ |
| 13X | 10 | Na⁺ | CO₂, H₂S, ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ | Ịsachapụ gas eke, nkewa ikuku |
| 13X HP | 10 | Na⁺ (emelitere nke ọma) | Mkpụrụ ndụ gas buru ibu | Mmepụta gas dị ọcha nke ukwuu |
| 13X APG | 10 | Na⁺ (uzuzu dị ala) | Ịsachapụ gas ụgbọelu | Sistemụ oxygen ụgbọelu |
| Li-LSX | 9 | Li⁺ | N₂ (ọkacha mma) | Ihe ndị na-eme ka ikuku oxygen dị na ahụike |
Oge ozi: Eprel-03-2025